Introduction: Pakistan
Background:
The Indus Valley Pakistan British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan India Pakistan Kashmir territory. A third war between these countries in
1971 - in which India Islamabad East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh Pakistan Pakistan Afghanistan Pakistan
Geography: Pakistan
Location:
Geographic coordinates
30 00 N, 70 00 E
Map references:
Area:
Total: 796,095 sq km
Country comparison to the
world: 36
Land: 770,875 sq km
Water: 25,220 sq km
Area - comparative:
Slightly less than twice the
size of California
Land boundaries:
Total: 6,774 km
Border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km , China 523 km , India 2,912 km , Iran 909 km
Coastline:
Maritime claims:
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of
the continental margin
Climate:
Mostly hot, dry desert;
temperate in northwest; arctic in north
Terrain:
Flat Indus
plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west
Elevation extremes:
Lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
Highest point: K2
(Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m
Natural
resources:
Land, extensive natural gas
reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt,
limestone
Land use:
Arable land: 24.44%
Permanent crops: 0.84%
Other: 74.72% (2005)
Irrigated land:
198,700 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
233.8 cu km (2003)
Freshwater withdrawal
(domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Total: 169.39 cu km/yr (2%/2%/96 %)
Per capita: 1,072 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:
Frequent earthquakes,
occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus
after heavy rains (July and August)
Environment
- current issues:
Water pollution from raw
sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural freshwater
resources; most of the population does not have access to potable water;
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements:
Party to: Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
Signed, but not ratified: Marine Life
Conservation
Geography - note:
Controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass , traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent
People and Society: Pakistan
Nationality:
Noun: Pakistani(s)
Adjective:
Pakistani
Ethnic groups:
Punjabi 44.68%, Pashtun
(Pathan) 15.42%, Sindhi 14.1%, Sariaki 8.38%, Muhajirs 7.57%, Balochi 3.57%,
other 6.28%
Languages:
Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%,
Saraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%,
Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and
most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
Religions:
Muslim (official) 95% (Sunni
75%, Shia 20%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 5%
Population:
190,291,129 (July 2012 EST.)
Country comparison to the
world: 6
Age structure:
0-14 years: 34.7% (male
33,941,828/ female 32,130,001)
15-64 years: 61% (male 59,994,942/ female
56,149,664)
65 years and over: 4.2% (male 3,808,536/
female 4,266,158) (2012 EST.)
Population pyramid:
Median age:
Total: 21.9 years
Male: 21.9 years
Female: 22 years (2012 EST.)
Population growth rate:
1.551% (2012 EST.)
Country comparison to the
world: 77
Birth rate:
24.3 births/1,000 population
(2012 EST.)
Country comparison to the
world: 65
Death rate:
6.8 deaths/1,000 population
(July 2012 EST.)
Country comparison to the
world: 138
Net migration rate:
-2 migrant(s)/1,000 populations
(2012 EST.)
Country comparison to the
world: 165
Urbanization:
Urban population: 36% of
total population (2010)
Rate of urbanization: 3.1% annual rate of
change (2010-15 EST.)
Major cities - population:
Sex ratio:
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2011 EST.)
Maternal mortality rate:
260 deaths/100,000 live
births (2010)
Country comparison to the
world: 43
Infant mortality rate:
Total: 61.27 deaths/1,000 live
births
Country comparison to the
world: 25
Male:
64.51 deaths/1,000 live births
Female:
57.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 EST.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Total population: 66.35 years
Country comparison to the
world: 166
Male: 64.52 years
Female: 68.28 years (2012 EST.)
Total fertility rate:
3.07 children born/woman
(2012 EST.)
Country comparison to the
world: 59
Health expenditures:
2.6% of GDP (2009)
Country comparison to the
world: 182
Physicians density:
0.813 physicians/1,000
population (2009)
Hospital bed density:
0.6 beds/1,000 population
(2009)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.1% (2009 EST.)
Country comparison to the
world: 146
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
98,000 (2009 EST.)
Country comparison to the
world: 42
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
5,800 (2009 EST.)
Country comparison to the
world: 34
Major infectious diseases:
Degree of risk: high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial
diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
Vector borne diseases: dengue fever and
malaria
Animal contact disease: rabies
Note: highly pathogenic H5N1
avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk
with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact
with birds (2009)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
31.3% (2001)
Country comparison to the
world: 17
Education expenditures:
2.7% of GDP (2009)
Country comparison to the
world: 142
Literacy:
Definition: age 15 and over
can read and write
Total population: 54.9%
Male: 68.6%
Female: 40.3% (2009 EST.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary
education):
Total: 7 years
Male: 8 years
Female: 6 years (2009)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
Total: 7.7%
Country comparison to the
world: 114
Male: 7%
Female: 10.5% (2008)
Government: Pakistan
Country name:
Conventional long form:
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Conventional short form: Pakistan
Local long form: Jamhuryat Islami Pakistan
Local short form: Pakistan
Former: West Pakistan
Government type:
Federal republic
Capital:
Name: Islamabad
Geographic coordinates: 33 41 N, 73 03 E
Time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington , DC
Administrative
divisions:
4 provinces, 1 territory, and
1 capital territory; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Islamabad Capital Territory North-West Frontier Province ), Punjab , Sindh
Note: the
Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir
National holiday:
Republic (Pakistan
Constitution:
Legal system:
Common law system with
Islamic law influence
International law organization participation:
Accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal;
note - there are joint electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for women
and non-Muslims
Executive
branch:
Chief of state: President Asif Ali ZARDARI
(since 9 September 2008 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Raja
Pervaiz ASHRAF (since 22 June 2012 ); Deputy Prime Minister Chaudhry Pervaiz ELAHI (since 25 June 2012 )
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
upon the advice of the prime minister
(For more information visit
the World Leaders website)
elections: president elected by secret ballot
through an Electoral College comprising the members of the Senate, National
Assembly, and provincial assemblies for a five-year term; election last held on
6 September 2008 (next to be held not later than 2013); note - any person who
is a Muslim and not less than 45 years of age and qualified to be elected as a
member of the National Assembly can contest the presidential election; the
prime minister selected by the National Assembly
election results: Asif Ali ZARDARI elected
president; ZARDARI 481 votes, SIDDIQUE 153 votes, SYED 44 votes; Syed Yousuf
Raza GILANI elected prime minister; GILANI 264 votes, Pervaiz ELAHI 42 votes;
several abstentions; Prime Minister Raja Pervaiz ASHRAF elected by Parliament -
ASHRAF 211 votes, Sardar Mehtab ABBASI 89 votes
Legislative branch:
bicameral parliament or
Majlis-e-Shoora consists of the Senate (100 seats; members indirectly elected
by provincial assemblies and the territories' representatives in the National
Assembly to serve six-year terms; one half are elected every three years) and
the National Assembly (342 seats; 272 members elected by popular vote; 60 seats
reserved for women; 10 seats reserved for non-Muslims; members serve five-year
terms)
elections: Senate - last held on 3 March 2009 (next to be held in March 2012); National Assembly -
last held on 18 February 2008 with by-elections on 26 June 2008 (next to be held in 2013)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by
party - NA; seats by party - PPPP 27, PML 21, MMA 9, PML-N 7, ANP 6, MQM 6,
JUI-F 4, BNP-A 2, JWP 1, NPP 1, PKMAP 1, PML-F 1, PPP 1, independents 13;
National Assembly - percent of votes by party - NA; seats by party as of
October 2010 - PPPP 127, PML-N 90, PML 51, MQM 25, ANP 13, JUI-F 8, PML-F 5,
BNP-A 1, NPP 1, PPP-S 1, independents 18, unfilled seats - 2
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court (justices
appointed by the president); Federal Islamic or Sharia Court
Political parties and leaders:
Awami National Party or ANP
[Asfandyar Wali KHAN]; Balochistan National Party-Awami or BNP-A; Balochistan
National Party-Hayee Group or BNP-H [Dr. Hayee BALOCH]; Balochistan National
Party-Mengal or BNP-M; Jamaat-i Islami or JI [Syed Munawar HASAN]; Jamhoori
Watan Party or JWP; Jamiat Ahle Hadith or JAH [Sajid MIR]; Jamiat Ulema-i Islam
Fazl-ur Rehman or JUI-F [Fazl-ur REHMAN]; Jamiat Ulema-i Islam Sami-ul HAQ or
JUI-S [Sami ul-HAQ]; Jamiat Ulema-i Pakistan or JUP [Abul Khair ZUBAIR];
Millat-e-Jafferia [Allama Sajid NAQVI]; Muttahida Majlis-e Amal or MMA [Qazi
Hussain AHMED]; Muttahida Qaumi Movement or MQM [Altaf HUSSAIN]; National
Peoples Party or NPP; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party or PKMAP [Mahmood Khan
ACHAKZAI]; Pakistan Awami Tehrik or PAT [Tahir ul QADRI]; Pakistan Muslim
League or PML [Chaudhry Shujaat HUSSAIN]; Pakistan Muslim League-Functional or
PML-F [Pir PAGARO]; Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz or PML-N [Nawaz SHARIF];
Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians or PPPP [Bilawal Bhutto ZARDARI,
chairman; Asif Ali ZARDARI, co-chairman]; Pakistan Peoples Party-SHERPAO or
PPP-S [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO]; Pakistan Tehrik-e Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN]
note: political alliances in Pakistan
Political pressure groups and leaders:
other: military (most
important political force); ulema (clergy); landowners; industrialists; small
merchants
International organization participation:
ADB, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue
partner), C, CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-11, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC
(with national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF,
IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer),
MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, SCO
(observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMIT,
UNOCI, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador
Sheherbano REHMAN
chancery: 3517 International Court , Washington , DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 243-6500
FAX: [1] (202) 686-1544
consulate(s) general: Boston Chicago Houston Los Angeles , New
York
consulate(s): Chicago, Houston
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador
(vacant); Charge d'Affaires Richard E. HOAGLAND
embassy: Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad
mailing address: 8100 Islamabad Pl. , Washington , DC 20521-8100
telephone: [92] (51) 208-0000
FAX: [92] (51) 227-6427
consulate(s) general: Karachi
consulate(s): Lahore Peshawar
Flag
description:
Green with a vertical white
band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large
white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star,
and color green are traditional symbols of Islam
National symbol(s):
Star and crescent
National anthem:
name: "Qaumi Tarana" (National
Anthem)
lyrics/music: Abu-Al-Asar Hafeez
JULLANDHURI/Ahmed Ghulamali CHAGLA
note: adopted 1954; the
anthem is also known as "Pak sarzamin shad bad" (Blessed Be the
Sacred Land)
Economy ::Pakistan
Economy
- overview:
Decades of internal political disputes
and low levels of foreign investment have led to slow growth and
underdevelopment in Pakistan Pakistan Pakistan 2008 in response to a balance of payments crisis. Although
the economy has stabilized since the crisis, it has failed to recover. Foreign
investment has not returned, due to investor concerns related to governance,
energy, security, and a slow-down in the global economy. Remittances from
overseas workers, averaging about $1 billion a month since March 2011, remain a
bright spot for Pakistan Pakistan Pakistan
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$488.4 billion (2011 est.)
Country comparison to the
world: 28
$474 billion (2010 est.)
$459.9 billion (2009 est.)
Note: data are in 2011 US
dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$206.9 billion (2011 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
3% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 123
3.1% (2010 est.)
1.7% (2009 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$2,800 (2011 est.)
Country comparison to the
world: 175
$2,800 (2010 est.)
$2,700 (2009 est.)
Note: data are in 2011 US
dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
Agriculture: 21.6%
Industry: 24.9%
Services: 53.4% (2011 est.)
Labor force:
58.64 million
Country comparison to the
world: 10
Note: extensive export of
labor, mostly to the Middle
East , and use of child labor
(2011 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 45%
industry: 20.1%
services: 34.9% (2010 est.)
Unemployment rate:
5.6% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 57
5.6% (2010 est.)
note: substantial
underemployment exists
Population below poverty line:
22.3% (FY05/06 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage
share:
lowest 10%: 9.9%
highest 10%: 39.3% (FY07/08)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
30.6 (FY07/08)
country comparison to the
world: 112
41 (FY98/99)
Investment (gross fixed):
11.5% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 145
Budget:
Revenues: $26.18 billion
Expenditures: $40.02 billion (2011 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
12.7% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 203
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-6.7% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 182
Public debt:
60.1% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 44
61.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
11.9% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 197
12.9% (2010 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
12% (31 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15
14% (31 December 2010 est.)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
14.12% (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 60
13.46% (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of narrow money:
$56.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 43
$53.08 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of broad money:
$76.16 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 59
$71.36 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of domestic credit:
$86.19 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 56
$70.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$32.76 billion (31 December 2011 )
country comparison to the
world: 54
$38.17 billion (31 December 2010 )
$33.24 billion (31 December 2009 )
Agriculture - products:
cotton, wheat, rice,
sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs
Industries:
Textiles and apparel, food processing,
pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp
Industrial production growth rate:
3% (2011 est.)
Country comparison to the
world: 103
Current account balance:
$268 million (2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 51
-$3.94 billion (2010 est.)
Exports:
$26.3 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 69
$21.47 billion (2010 est.)
Exports - commodities:
textiles (garments, bed
linen, cotton cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals,
manufactures, carpets and rugs
Exports - partners:
US 14.3%, UAE 7.6%,
Afghanistan 7.5%, China 7.5%, Germany 5%, UK 4.1% (2011)
Imports:
$38.93 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 60
$32.92 billion (2010 est.)
Imports - commodities:
petroleum, petroleum products,
machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and
paperboard, iron and steel, tea
Imports - partners:
China 18.2%, Saudi Arabia
11.4%, UAE 11.3%, Kuwait 5.9%, Malaysia 5.5%, US 4.3%, Singapore 4% (2011)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$18.09 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 59
$17.21 billion (2010 est.)
Debt - external:
$58.27 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 56
$56.77 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$21.88 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 67
$19.83 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$1.432 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 73
$1.362 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Exchange rates:
Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US
dollar -
86.343 (2011 est.)
85.194 (2010 est.)
81.71 (2009)
70.64 (2008)
60.6295 (2007)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June
Energy ::Pakistan
Electricity - production:
93.35 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 35
Electricity - consumption:
74.35 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 38
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 117
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 120
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
20.2 million kW (2009 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 36
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
65.2% of total installed
capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 129
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
2.3% of total installed
capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 27
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
32.5% of total installed
capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 66
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
0% of total installed
capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 174
Crude oil - production:
63,080 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 55
Crude oil - exports:
0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 168
Crude oil - imports:
183,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 35
Crude oil - proved reserves:
280.7 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 56
Refined petroleum products - production:
215,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 52
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
426,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 35
Refined petroleum products - exports:
26,830 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 70
Refined petroleum products - imports:
195,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 28
Natural gas - production:
42.9 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 23
Natural gas - consumption:
42.9 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 24
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 132
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 117
Natural gas - proved reserves:
753.8 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 30
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of
energy:
151.6 million Mt (2010 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 34
Communications ::Pakistan
Telephones - main lines in use:
5.722 million (2011)
country comparison to the
world: 30
Telephones - mobile cellular:
111 million (2011)
country comparison to the
world: 9
Telephone system:
general assessment: the
telecommunications infrastructure is improving dramatically with foreign and
domestic investments in fixed-line and mobile-cellular networks; system
consists of microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, cellular,
and satellite networks;
domestic: mobile-cellular subscribership has
skyrocketed, exceeding 110 million by the end of 2011, up from only about 300,000 in 2000; more than 90 percent of Pakistanis live within
areas that have cell phone coverage and more than half of all Pakistanis have
access to a cell phone; fiber systems are being constructed throughout the
country to aid in network growth; fixed line availability has risen only
marginally over the same period and there are still difficulties getting
fixed-line service to rural areas
international: country code - 92; landing
point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable systems that provide
links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 3
Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international
gateway exchanges (1 at Karachi and 2 at Islamabad); microwave radio relay to
neighboring countries
Broadcast media:
media is government
regulated; 1 dominant state-owned TV broadcaster, Pakistan Television
Corporation (PTV), operates a network consisting of 5 channels; private TV
broadcasters are permitted; to date 69 foreign satellite channels are
operational; the state-owned radio network operates more than 40 stations;
nearly 100 commercially-licensed privately-owned radio stations provide
programming mostly limited to music and talk shows (2007)
Internet country code:
.pk
Internet hosts:
365,813 (2012)
Country comparison to the
world: 57
Internet users:
20.431 million (2009)
country comparison to the
world: 20
Transportation: Pakistan
Airports:
151 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 37
Airports - with paved runways:
Total: 107
Over
3,047 m: 15
Under
914 m: 10 (2012)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 44
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 24 (2012)
Heliports:
24 (2012)
Pipelines:
gas 10,514 km ; oil 2,013 km ; refined products 787 km (2010)
Railways:
total: 7,791 km
country comparison to the world: 27
broad
gauge: 7,479 km
1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified)
narrow
gauge: 312 km
1.000-m gauge (2007)
Roadways:
total: 260,760 km
country comparison to the
world: 20
paved: 180,910 km (includes 711 km of expressways)
unpaved: 79,850 km (2007)
Merchant marine:
total: 11
country comparison to the
world: 111
by type: bulk carrier 5, cargo 3, petroleum
tanker 3
registered in other countries: 11 (Comoros Marshall Islands Moldova Panama Saint Kitts and Nevis
Ports and terminals:
Military ::Pakistan
Military branches:
Pakistan Army (includes
National Guard), Pakistan Navy (includes Marines and Maritime Security Agency),
Pakistan Air Force (Pakistan Fiza'ya) (2010)
Military service age and obligation:
17-23 years of age for
voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed for combat until age
18; the Pakistani Air Force and Pakistani Navy have inducted their first female
pilots and sailors; service obligation (Navy) 10-18 years; retirement required
after 18-30 years service or age 40-52 (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 48,453,305
females age 16-49: 44,898,096 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 37,945,440
females age 16-49: 37,381,549 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age
annually:
male: 2,237,723
female: 2,104,906 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
3% of GDP (2007 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 46
Transnational Issues ::Pakistan
Disputes - international:
various talks and
confidence-building measures cautiously have begun to defuse tensions over
Kashmir, particularly since the October 2005 earthquake in the region; Kashmir
nevertheless remains the site of the world's largest and most militarized
territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China
(Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and
Northern Areas); UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan has
maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not recognize
Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; India and Pakistan
have maintained their 2004 cease-fire in Kashmir and initiated discussions on
defusing the armed standoff in the Siachen glacier region; Pakistan protests
India's fencing the highly militarized Line of Control and construction of the
Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir, which is part of the
larger dispute on water sharing of the Indus River and its tributaries; to
defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary, India and
Pakistan seek technical resolution of the disputed boundary in Sir Creek
estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch in the Arabian Sea; Pakistani maps
continue to show the Junagadh claim in India's Gujarat State; by 2005,
Pakistan, with UN assistance, repatriated 2.3 million Afghan refugees leaving
slightly more than a million, many of whom remain at their own choosing;
Pakistan has sent troops across and built fences along some remote tribal areas
of its treaty-defined Durand Line border with Afghanistan, which serve as bases
for foreign terrorists and other illegal activities; Afghan, Coalition, and
Pakistan military meet periodically to clarify the alignment of the boundary on
the ground and on maps
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin):
1,701,945 (Afghanistan
IDPs: 818,000 (fighting in Federally
Administered Tribal Areas, Khyber-Pakhtunkwa, and Balochistan since 2004;
military operations in SWAT in 2009; flooding in 2010) (2012)
Illicit drugs:
significant transit area for
Afghan drugs, including heroin, opium, morphine, and hashish, bound for Iran,
Western markets, the Gulf States, Africa, and Asia; financial crimes related to
drug trafficking, terrorism, corruption, and smuggling remain problems; opium
poppy cultivation estimated to be 2,300 hectares in 2007 with 600 of those hectares eradicated;
federal and provincial authorities continue to conduct anti-poppy campaigns
that utilizes forced eradication, fines, and arrests
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