Antigua and Barbuda:: Population: 89,018
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Background
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The
Siboney were the first people to inhabit the islands of Antigua and Barbuda in 2400 B.C., but Arawak Indians
populated the islands when COLUMBUS landed on his second voyage in
1493. Early Spanish and French settlements were succeeded by an English
colony in 1667. Slavery, established to run the sugar plantations on Antigua, was abolished in 1834. The
islands became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of
Nations in 1981.
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Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline
with many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a large western harbor
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Location:
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Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico
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Geographic
coordinates:
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17 03 N,
61 48 W
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Area:
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total:
442.6 sq km (Antigua 280 sq km; Barbuda 161 sq km) land: 442.6 sq km water: 0 sq km note:
includes Redonda, 1.6 sq km
Size comparison: 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC |
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Land
Boundaries:
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0 km
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Coastline:
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153 km
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Maritime
claims:
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territorial
sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental
shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
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Climate:
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tropical
maritime; little seasonal temperature variation
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Terrain:
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mostly low-lying
limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas
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Elevation
extremes:
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lowest
point: Caribbean
Sea 0 m highest point: Boggy Peak 402 m
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Natural
resources:
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NEGL;
pleasant climate fosters tourism
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Land
use:
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arable
land: 18.18% permanent crops: 4.55% other: 77.27% (2005)
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Irrigated
land:
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1.3 sq km
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Natural
hazards:
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hurricanes
and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts
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Current
Environment Issues:
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water
management - a major concern because of limited natural freshwater resources
- is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production,
causing rainfall to run off quickly
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International
Environment Agreements:
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party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands,
Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Population:
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89,018
(July 2012 est.)
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Age
structure:
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0-14
years: 25.8% (male 11,530/female 11,174) 15-64 years: 67.4% (male
27,599/female 31,592) 65 years and over: 6.8% (male 2,592/female 3,397) (2011
est.)
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Median
age:
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total:
30.6 years male: 28.9 years female: 32 years (2012 est.)
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Population
growth rate:
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1.276%
(2012 est.)
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Birth
rate:
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16.19
births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
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Death
rate:
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5.72
deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
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Net
migration rate:
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2.29
migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
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Sex
ratio:
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at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.87
male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.9
male(s)/female (2011 est.)
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Infant
mortality rate:
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total:
14.17 deaths/1,000 live births male: 16.32 deaths/1,000 live births female:
11.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
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Life
expectancy at birth:
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total
population: 75.69 years male: 73.66 years female: 77.83 years (2012 est.)
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Total
fertility rate:
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2.05
children born/woman (2012 est.)
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HIV/AIDS
- adult prevalence rate:
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NA
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HIV/AIDS
- people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA
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HIV/AIDS
- deaths:
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NA
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Nationality:
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noun:
Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s) adjective: Antiguan, Barbudan
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Ethnic
groups:
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black
91%, mixed 4.4%, white 1.7%, other 2.9% (2001 census)
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Religions:
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Protestant
76.4% (Anglican 25.7%, Seventh-Day Adventist 12.3%, Pentecostal 10.6%,
Moravian 10.5%, Methodist 7.9%, Baptist 4.9%, Church of God 4.5%), Roman
Catholic 10.4%, other Christian 5.4%, other 2%, none or unspecified 5.8%
(2001 census)
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Languages:
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English
(official), local dialects
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Literacy:
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definition:
age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling total
population: 85.8% male: NA female: NA (2003 est.)
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Country
name:
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conventional
long form: none conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda
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Government
type:
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constitutional
monarchy with a parliamentary system of government and a Commonwealth realm
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Capital:
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name: Saint John's geographic coordinates: 17 07 N,
61 51 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
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Administrative
divisions:
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6
parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John,
Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip
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Independence:
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1 November 1981 (from the UK)
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National
holiday:
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Independence
Day (National Day), 1 November (1981)
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Constitution:
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1 November 1981
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Legal
system:
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common
law based on the English model
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Suffrage:
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18 years
of age; universal
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Executive
branch:
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chief of
state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor
General Louisse LAKE-TACK (since 17 July 2007) head of government: Prime
Minister Winston Baldwin SPENCER (since 24 March 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers
appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister (For
more information visit the World Leaders website ) elections: the
monarchy is hereditary; governor general chosen by the monarch on the advice
of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the
majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed
prime minister by the governor general
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Legislative
branch:
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bicameral
Parliament consists of the Senate (17 seats; members appointed by the
governor general) and the House of Representatives (17 seats; members are
elected by proportional representation to serve five-year terms) elections:
House of Representatives - last held on 12 March 2009 (next to be held in
2014) election results: percent of vote by party - UPP 50.9%, ALP 47.2%, BPM
1.1%, other 0.8%; seats by party - UPP 9, ALP 7, BPM 1
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Judicial
branch:
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Eastern
Caribbean Supreme Court consisting of a High Court of Justice and a Court of
Appeal (based in Saint Lucia; two judges of the Supreme Court are residents
of the islands and preside over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction);
Magistrates' Courts; member of the Caribbean Court of Justice
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Political
parties and leaders:
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Antigua
Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant BIRD]; Barbuda People's Movement or BPM
[Thomas H. FRANK]; Barbuda People's Movement for Change [Arthur NIBBS];
Barbudans for a Better Barbuda [Ordrick SAMUEL]; United Progressive Party or
UPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three parties - Antigua Caribbean
Liberation Movement or ACLM, Progressive Labor Movement or PLM, United
National Democratic Party or UNDP)
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Political
pressure groups and leaders:
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Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU
[William ROBINSON]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL]
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International
organization participation:
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ACP,
AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC,
IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC, MIGA,
NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU,
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Diplomatic
representation in the US:
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chief of
mission: Ambassador Deborah Mae LOVELL chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: [1] (202) 362-5122
FAX: [1] (202) 362-5225 consulate(s) general: Miami, New York
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Diplomatic
representation from the US:
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the US does not have an embassy in Antigua and Barbuda; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda
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Tourism
continues to dominate Antigua and Barbuda's economy, accounting for nearly
60% of GDP and 40% of investment. The dual-island nation's agricultural
production is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited
water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in
tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for
export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic
components. Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to
depend on tourist arrivals from the US, Canada, and Europe and potential damages from
natural disasters. After taking office in 2004, the SPENCER government
adopted an ambitious fiscal reform program and was successful in reducing its
public debt-to-GDP ratio from 120% to about 90% in 2008. However, the global
financial crisis that began in 2008, has led to a significant increase in the
national debt, which topped 130% at the end of 2010. The Antiguan economy
experienced solid growth from 2003 to 2007, reaching over 12% in 2006 driven
by a construction boom in hotels and housing associated with the Cricket
World Cup, but growth dropped off in 2008 with the end of the boom. In 2009,
Antigua''s economy was severely hit by the global economic crisis, suffering
from the collapse of its largest financial institution and a steep decline in
tourism. This decline continued in 2010 as the country struggled with a
yawning budget deficit but returned to positive growth in 2011.
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GDP
(purchasing power parity):
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GDP
(purchasing power parity): $1.595 billion (2011 est.) $1.603 billion (2010
est.) $1.76 billion (2009 est.) note: data are in 2011 US dollars
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GDP
(official exchange rate):
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GDP
(official exchange rate): $1.187 billion (2011 est.)
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GDP -
real growth rate:
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-0.5%
(2011 est.) -8.9% (2010 est.) -10.3% (2009 est.)
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GDP -
per capita (PPP):
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GDP - per
capita (PPP): $18,200 (2011 est.) $18,300 (2010 est.) $20,100 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars
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GDP -
composition by sector:
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agriculture:
3.8% industry: 32.9% services: 63.4% (2011 est.)
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Labor
force:
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30,000
(1991)
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Labor
force - by occupation:
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agriculture:
7% industry: 11% services: 82% (1983)
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Unemployment
rate:
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11% (2001
est.)
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Population
below poverty line:
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NA%
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Household
income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest
10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
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Inflation
rate (consumer prices):
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Inflation
rate (consumer prices): 3.3% (2011 est.) 3.1% (2010 est.)
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Budget:
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revenues:
$229.5 million expenditures: $293.4 million (2009 est.)
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Agriculture
- products:
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cotton,
fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane;
livestock
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Industries:
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tourism,
construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)
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Industrial
production growth rate:
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NA%
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Electricity
- production:
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115
million kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity
- consumption:
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107
million kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity
- exports:
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0 kWh
(2009 est.)
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Electricity
- imports:
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0 kWh
(2009 est.)
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Oil -
production:
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0 bbl/day
(2010 est.)
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Oil -
consumption:
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5,000
bbl/day (2010 est.)
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Oil -
exports:
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0 bbl/day
(2009 est.)
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Oil -
imports:
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4,548
bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil -
proved reserves:
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0 bbl (1
January 2011 est.)
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Natural
gas - production:
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0 cu m
(2009 est.)
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Natural
gas - consumption:
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0 cu m
(2009 est.)
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Natural
gas - exports:
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0 cu m
(2009 est.)
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Natural
gas - imports:
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0 cu m
(2009 est.)
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Natural
gas - proved reserves:
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0 cu m (1
January 2011 est.)
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Current
account balance:
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-$268.3
million (2011 est.) -$166.5 million (2010 est.)
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Exports:
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$40.3
million (2011 est.) $45.33 million (2010 est.)
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Exports
- commodities:
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petroleum
products, bedding, handicrafts, electronic components, transport equipment,
food and live animals
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Imports:
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$437.4
million (2011 est.) $453.9 million (2010 est.)
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Imports
- commodities:
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food and
live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil
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Debt -
external:
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$359.8
million (June 2006)
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Exchange
rates:
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East
Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - 2.7 (2011 est.) 2.7 (2010 est.) 2.7
(2009)
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Fiscal
year:
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1 April -
31 March
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Telephones
in use:
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41,700
(2009) country comparison to the world: 170
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Cellular
Phones in use:
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163,900
(2009)
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Telephone
system:
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general
assessment: good automatic telephone system domestic: fixed-line teledensity
roughly 50 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is some 190 per 100
persons international: country code - 1-268; landing points for the East
Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) and the Global Caribbean Network (GCN)
submarine cable systems with links to other islands in the eastern Caribbean
extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; satellite earth
stations - 2; tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands) and Guadeloupe
(France) (2009)
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Radio
broadcast stations:
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Television
broadcast stations:
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Internet
country code:
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.ag
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Internet
hosts:
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11,844
(2010)
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Internet
users:
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65,000
(2009)
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Airports:
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3 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 196
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Airports
(paved runways):
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total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2012)
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Airports
(unpaved runways):
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total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2012)
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Roadways:
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total: 1,165
km paved: 384 km unpaved: 781 km (2002)
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Merchant
marine:
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total:
1,257 by type: bulk carrier 49, cargo 753, carrier 6, chemical tanker 4,
container 407, liquefied gas 12, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 17,
vehicle carrier 2 foreign-owned: 1,215 (Albania 1, Colombia 1, Denmark 20,
Estonia 10, Germany 1094, Greece 4, Iceland 10, Latvia 16, Lithuania 3,
Mexico 1, Netherlands 17, Norway 9, NZ 2, Poland 2, Russia 3, Switzerland 7,
Turkey 7, UK 1, US 7) (2010)
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Ports
and terminals:
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Saint
John's
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Military
branches:
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Ministry
of National Security, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force (includes
Antigua and Barbuda Coast Guard) (2012)
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Military
service age and obligation:
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18 years
of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2011)
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Manpower
available for military service:
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males age
16-49: 21,141 females age 16-49: 24,056 (2010 est.)
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Manpower
fit for military service:
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males age
16-49: 17,676 females age 16-49: 19,960 (2010 est.)
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