Angola:: Population 18,056,072
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Background
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Angola is rebuilding its country after
the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement
for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas
SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in
1992 when Angola held national elections, but
fighting picked up again by 1996. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost
- and 4 million people displaced - in the quarter century of fighting.
SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and strengthened the MPLA's
hold on power. President DOS SANTOS held legislative elections in September
2008 and, despite promising to hold presidential elections in 2009, has since
pushed through a new constitution that calls for elections in 2012.
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The province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the
rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Location:
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Southern
Africa,
bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Geographic coordinates:
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12 30 S,
18 30 E
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Area:
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total:
1,246,700 sq km land: 1,246,700 sq km water: 0 sq km
Size comparison: slightly less than twice the size of Texas |
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Land Boundaries:
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total: 5,198
km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511
km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous
Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376
km, Zambia 1,110 km
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Coastline:
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1,600 km
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Maritime claims:
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territorial
sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
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Climate:
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semiarid
in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May
to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
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Terrain:
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narrow
coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest
point: Atlantic
Ocean 0 m highest point: Morro de Moco 2,620 m
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Natural resources:
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petroleum,
diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium
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Land use:
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arable
land: 2.65% permanent crops: 0.23% other: 97.12% (2005)
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Irrigated land:
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800 sq km
(2003)
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Natural hazards:
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locally
heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau
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Current Environment Issues:
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overuse
of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures;
desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both
international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel,
resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water
pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable
water
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International Environment
Agreements:
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party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Population:
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18,056,072
(July 2012 est.)
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Age structure:
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0-14
years: 43.2% (male 2,910,981/female 2,856,527) 15-64 years: 54.1% (male
3,663,400/female 3,549,896) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 157,778/female
199,959) (2011 est.)
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Median age:
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total:
17.7 years male: 17.5 years female: 17.9 years (2012 est.)
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Population growth rate:
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2.784%
(2012 est.)
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Birth rate:
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39.36
births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
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Death rate:
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12.06
deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
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Net migration rate:
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0.55
migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
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Sex ratio:
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at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02
male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female total population: 1.02
male(s)/female (2011 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total:
83.53 deaths/1,000 live births male: 87.39 deaths/1,000 live births female:
79.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total
population: 54.59 years male: 53.49 years female: 55.73 years (2012 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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5.54
children born/woman (2012 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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2% (2009
est.)
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HIV/AIDS - people living with
HIV/AIDS:
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200,000
(2009 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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11,000
(2009 est.)
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Nationality:
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noun:
Angolan(s) adjective: Angolan
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Ethnic groups:
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Ovimbundu
37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and native African)
2%, European 1%, other 22%
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Religions:
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indigenous
beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)
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Languages:
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Portuguese
(official), Bantu and other African languages
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Literacy:
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definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 70.1% male: 82.7%
female: 58.1% (2010 est.)
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Country name:
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conventional
long form: Republic of Angola conventional short form: Angola local long form: Republica de
Angola local short form: Angola former: People's Republic of Angola
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Government type:
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republic;
multiparty presidential regime
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Capital:
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name: Luanda geographic coordinates: 8 50 S,
13 13 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
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Administrative divisions:
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18
provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda,
Kwando Kubango, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda,
Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire
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Independence:
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11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
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National holiday:
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Constitution:
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adopted
by National Assembly 5 February 2010
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Legal system:
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civil
legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation
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Suffrage:
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18 years
of age; universal
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Executive branch:
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chief of
state: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice
President Fernando "Nando" da Piedade Dias DOS SANTOS (since 2
February 2010); note - the president is both chief of state and head of
government head of government: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21
September 1979); Vice President Fernando "Nando" da Piedade Dias
DOS SANTOS (since 2 February 2010) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by
the president (For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: president indirectly elected by National Assembly for a five-year
term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) under the 2010
constitution; President DOS SANTOS was selected by the party to take over
after the death of former President Augustino NETO (1979) under a one-party
system and stood for reelection in Angola's first multiparty elections on
29-30 September 1992 (next were to be held in September 2009 but were
postponed) election results: Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS 49.6%, Jonas SAVIMBI
40.1%, making a run-off election necessary; the run-off was never held
leaving DOS SANTOS in his current position as the president
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral
National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by
proportional vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 5-6
September 2008 (next to be held in September 2012) election results: percent
of vote by party - MPLA 81.6%, UNITA 10.4%, PRS 3.2%, ND 1.2%, FNLA 1.1%,
other 2.5%; seats by party - MPLA 191, UNITA 16, PRS 8, ND 3, FNLA 2
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Judicial branch:
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Constitutional
Court or Tribunal Constitucional; Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo; Court of
Auditions or Tribunal de Contas; Supreme Military Court or Supremo Tribunal Militar;
judges for all courts appointed by the president
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Political parties and leaders:
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National
Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [Ngola KABANGU]; National Union for
the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest
opposition party); New Democracy Electoral Union or ND [Quintino de MOREIRA];
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS
SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975); Social Renewal Party or PRS
[Eduardo KUANGANA] note: nine other parties participated in the legislative
election in September 2008 but won no seats
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Political pressure groups and
leaders:
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Front for
the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO,
Antonio Bento BEMBE] note: FLEC's small-scale armed struggle for the
independence of Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a
peace accord with the government in August 2006
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International organization
participation:
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ACP,
AfDB, AU, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC,
MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OPEC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union
Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of
mission: Ambassador Alberto do Carmo BENTO RIBEIRO chancery: 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1156
FAX: [1] (202) 785-1258 consulate(s) general: Houston, New York
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Diplomatic representation from the
US:
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chief of
mission: Ambassador Christopher J. MCMULLEN embassy: number 32 Rua Houari
Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda mailing address:
international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US
Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550 telephone:
[244] (222) 64-1000 FAX: [244] (222) 64-1232
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Angola's high growth rate in recent
years was driven by high international prices for its oil. Angola became a member of OPEC in late
2006 and its current assigned a production quota of 1.65 million barrels a
day (bbl/day). Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about
85% of GDP. Diamond exports contribute an additional 5%. Subsistence agriculture
provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the
country''s food is still imported. Increased oil production supported growth
averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and
resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in
construction and agriculture as well. Much of the country''s infrastructure
is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. Land mines
left from the war still mar the countryside, even though peace was
established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002.
Since 2005, the government has used billions of dollars in credit lines from
China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to rebuild Angola''s
public infrastructure. The global recession that started in 2008 temporarily
stalled economic growth. Lower prices for oil and diamonds during the global
recession slowed GDP growth to 2.4% in 2009 and to 3.4% in 2010, and many
construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued $9 billion in arrears to
foreign construction companies when government revenue fell in 2008 and 2009.
Angola abandoned its currency peg in
2009, and in November 2009 signed onto an IMF Stand-By Arrangement loan of
$1.4 billion to rebuild international reserves. Consumer inflation declined
from 325% in 2000 to 14% in 2011. Higher oil prices in 2011, helped Angola climb turn a budget deficit of
8.6% of GDP in 2009 into an surplus of 7.5% of GDP in 2010. Corruption,
especially in the extractive sectors, also is a major challenge.
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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GDP
(purchasing power parity): $117.2 billion (2011 est.) $113.3 billion (2010
est.) $109.6 billion (2009 est.) note: data are in 2011 US dollars
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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GDP
(official exchange rate): $100.9 billion (2011 est.)
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GDP - real growth rate:
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3.4%
(2011 est.) 3.4% (2010 est.) 2.4% (2009 est.)
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GDP - per capita (PPP):
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GDP - per
capita (PPP): $6,000 (2011 est.) $5,900 (2010 est.) $5,900 (2009 est.) note:
data are in 2011 US dollars
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture:
9.6% industry: 65.8% services: 24.6% (2008 est.)
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Labor force:
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8.24
million (2011 est.)
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture:
85% industry and services: 15% (2003 est.)
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Unemployment rate:
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NA
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Population below poverty line:
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40.5%
(2006 est.)
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Household income or consumption by
percentage share:
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lowest
10%: 0.6% highest 10%: 44.7% (2000)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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Inflation
rate (consumer prices): 13.5% (2011 est.) 14.5% (2010 est.)
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Investment (gross fixed):
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Investment
(gross fixed): 13.4% of GDP (2011 est.)
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Budget:
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revenues:
$42.86 billion expenditures: $35.29 billion (2011 est.)
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Public debt:
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17.4% of
GDP (2011 est.) 22.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
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Agriculture - products:
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bananas,
sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, cassava (manioc), tobacco,
vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish
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Industries:
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petroleum;
diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement;
basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco
products, sugar; textiles; ship repair
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Industrial production growth rate:
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5% (2010
est.)
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Electricity - production:
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3.944
billion kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity - consumption:
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3.365
billion kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh
(2009 est.)
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh
(2009 est.)
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Oil - production:
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1.988
million bbl/day (2010 est.)
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Oil - consumption:
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74,000
bbl/day (2010 est.)
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Oil - exports:
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1.851
million bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil - imports:
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38,280
bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil - proved reserves:
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9.5
billion bbl (1 January 2011 est.)
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Natural gas - production:
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690
million cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural gas - consumption:
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690
million cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m
(2009 est.)
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Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2009
est.)
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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309.8
billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)
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Current account balance:
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$13.82
billion (2011 est.) $7.421 billion (2010 est.)
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Exports:
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$65.69
billion (2011 est.) $50.59 billion (2010 est.)
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Exports - commodities:
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crude
oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, coffee, sisal, fish and fish
products, timber, cotton
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Exports - partners:
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China 37.7%, US 21%, India 9.5%, Canada 4.1% (2011)
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Imports:
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$21.74
billion (2011 est.) $16.67 billion (2010 est.)
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery
and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food,
textiles, military goods
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Imports - partners:
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Portugal
20.4%, China 17.7%, US 9.5%, Brazil 6.8%, South Africa 6.1%, France 5%, India
4.4% (2011)
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Reserves of foreign exchange and
gold:
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$28.35
billion (31 December 2011 est.) $19.75 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
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Debt - external:
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$18.16
billion (31 December 2011 est.) $18.56 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
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Stock of direct foreign investment
- at home:
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$101.9
billion (31 December 2011 est.) $89.31 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
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Stock of direct foreign investment
- abroad:
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$6.346
billion (31 December 2011 est.) $5.096 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
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Exchange rates:
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kwanza
(AOA) per US dollar - 93.21 (2011 est.) 91.91 (2010 est.) 79.33 (2009) 75.023
(2008) 76.6 (2007)
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Fiscal year:
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calendar
year
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Telephones in use:
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303,200
(2009) country comparison to the world: 115
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Cellular Phones in use:
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8.909
million (2009)
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Telephone system:
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general
assessment: limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed-lines
until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor;
Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private
licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the
number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5; Angola Telecom established
mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended
to larger towns; a privately-owned, mobile-cellular service provider began
operations in 2001 domestic: only about two fixed-lines per 100 persons;
combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity about 70 telephones per
100 persons in 2010 international: country code - 244; landing point for the
SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe
and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2009)
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Radio broadcast stations:
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Television broadcast stations:
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Internet country code:
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.ao
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Internet hosts:
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20,269
(2010)
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Internet users:
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606,700
(2009)
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Airports:
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176
(2012) country comparison to the world: 33
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Airports (paved runways):
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total: 30
over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2012)
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Airports (unpaved runways):
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total:
146 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 31 914 to 1,523 m: 66 under 914 m:
43 (2012)
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Heliports:
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1 (2012)
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Pipelines:
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gas 2 km; oil 87 km (2010)
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Railways:
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total: 2,764
km narrow gauge: 2,641 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2008)
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Roadways:
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total: 51,429
km paved: 5,349 km unpaved: 46,080
km (2001)
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Waterways:
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1,300 km (2011)
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Merchant marine:
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total: 7
by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2,
roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 1 (Spain 1) registered in other countries:
17 (Bahamas 6, Curacao 2, Cyprus 1, Liberia 1, Malta 7) (2010)
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Ports and terminals:
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Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe
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Military branches:
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Angolan
Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force
(Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army)
(2011)
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Military service age and
obligation:
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20-45
years of age for compulsory male and 18-45 years for voluntary male military
service (registration at age 18 is mandatory); conscript service obligation -
2 years; 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; Angolan citizenship
required; the Marinha de Guerra Angola (Navy, MgA) is entirely staffed with
volunteers (2012)
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Manpower available for military
service:
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males age
16-49: 3,062,438 females age 16-49: 2,964,262 (2010 est.)
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Manpower fit for military service:
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males age
16-49: 1,546,781 females age 16-49: 1,492,308 (2010 est.)
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