United Arab Emirates:: Population: 5,314,317
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Background
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The
Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their defense and
foreign affairs in 19th century treaties. In 1971, six of these states - Abu
Zaby, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah,
Dubayy, and Umm al Qaywayn - merged to form the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
They were joined in 1972 by Ra's al Khaymah. The UAE's per capita GDP is on
par with those of leading West European nations. Its generosity with oil
revenues and its moderate foreign policy stance have allowed the UAE to play
a vital role in the affairs of the region. For more than three decades, oil
and global finance drove the UAE's economy. However, in 2008-09, the
confluence of falling oil prices, collapsing real estate prices, and the
international banking crisis hit the UAE especially hard. In March 2011,
about 100 Emirati activists and intellectuals posted on the Internet and sent
to the government a petition calling for greater political reform, including
the establishment of a parliament with full legislative powers and the
further expansion of the electorate and the rights of the Federal National
Council (FNC), the UAE's quasi-legislature. In an effort to stem further
unrest, the government announced a multi-year, $1.6-billion infrastructure
investment plan for the poorer northern Emirates. In late September 2011, an
FNC election - in which voting was expanded from 6,600 voters to about 12
percent of the Emirati population - was held for half of the FNC seats. The
other half are appointed by the rulers of the Emirates.
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Strategic
location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world
crude oil
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Location:
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Middle
East,
bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
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Geographic
coordinates:
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24 00 N,
54 00 E
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Area:
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total:
83,600 sq km land: 83,600 sq km water: 0 sq km
Size comparison: slightly smaller than Maine |
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Land
Boundaries:
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total: 867 km border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km
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Coastline:
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1,318 km
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Maritime
claims:
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territorial
sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental
shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
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Climate:
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desert;
cooler in eastern mountains
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Terrain:
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flat,
barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert
wasteland; mountains in east
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Elevation
extremes:
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lowest
point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Jabal Yibir 1,527 m
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Natural
resources:
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petroleum,
natural gas
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Land
use:
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arable
land: 0.77% permanent crops: 2.27% other: 96.96% (2005)
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Irrigated
land:
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2,300 sq
km (2003)
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Natural
hazards:
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frequent
sand and dust storms
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Current
Environment Issues:
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lack of
natural freshwater resources compensated by desalination plants;
desertification; beach pollution from oil spills
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International
Environment Agreements:
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party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
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Population:
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5,314,317
(July 2012 est.) note: estimate is based on the results of the 2005 census
that included a significantly higher estimate of net immigration of
non-citizens than previous estimates
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Age
structure:
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0-14
years: 20.4% (male 537,925/female 513,572) 15-64 years: 78.7% (male
2,968,958/female 1,080,717) 65 years and over: 0.9% (male 30,446/female
17,046) note: 73.9% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(2011 est.)
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Median
age:
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total:
30.2 years male: 32.1 years female: 25 years (2012 est.)
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Population
growth rate:
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3.055%
(2012 est.)
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Birth
rate:
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15.76
births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
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Death
rate:
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2.04
deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
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Net
migration rate:
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16.82
migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
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Sex
ratio:
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at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 2.75
male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.77 male(s)/female total population: 2.19
male(s)/female (2011 est.)
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Infant
mortality rate:
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total:
11.59 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.54 deaths/1,000 live births female:
9.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
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Life
expectancy at birth:
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total
population: 76.71 years male: 74.12 years female: 79.42 years (2012 est.)
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Total
fertility rate:
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2.38
children born/woman (2012 est.)
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HIV/AIDS
- adult prevalence rate:
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0.2%
(2001 est.)
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HIV/AIDS
- people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA
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HIV/AIDS
- deaths:
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NA
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Nationality:
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noun:
Emirati(s) adjective: Emirati
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Ethnic
groups:
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Emirati
19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes
Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982) note: less than 20% are UAE citizens
(1982)
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Religions:
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Muslim
(Islam - official) 96% (Shia 16%), other (includes Christian, Hindu) 4%
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Languages:
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Arabic
(official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
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Literacy:
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definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 77.9% male: 76.1%
female: 81.7% (2003 est.)
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Country
name:
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conventional
long form: United Arab Emirates conventional short form: none
local long form: Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah local short form: none
former: Trucial
Oman,
Trucial States abbreviation: UAE
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Government
type:
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federation
with specified powers delegated to the UAE federal government and other
powers reserved to member emirates
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Capital:
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name: Abu Dhabi geographic coordinates: 24 28 N,
54 22 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
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Administrative
divisions:
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7
emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al
Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al
Qaywayn (Quwain)
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Independence:
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2 December 1971 (from the UK)
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National
holiday:
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Constitution:
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2 December 1971; made permanent in 1996
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Legal
system:
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mixed
legal system of Islamic law and civil law
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Suffrage:
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none
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Executive
branch:
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chief of
state: President KHALIFA bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (since 3 November 2004), ruler
of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (since 4 November 2004); Vice President and Prime
Minister MUHAMMAD BIN RASHID Al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006) head of
government: Prime Minister and Vice President MUHAMMAD bin Rashid Al-Maktum
(since 5 January 2006); Deputy Prime Ministers SAIF bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan
(since 11 May 2009) and MANSUR bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (since 11 May 2009)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president (For more
information visit the World Leaders website ) note: there is also a
Federal Supreme Council (FSC) composed of the seven emirate rulers; the FSC
is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general
policies and sanctions federal legislation; meets four times a year; Abu Zaby
(Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power elections:
president and vice president elected by the FSC for five-year terms (no term
limits) from among the seven FSC members; election last held 3 November 2009
upon the death of the UAE's Founding Father and first President ZAYID bin
Sultan Al Nuhayyan (next election NA); prime minister and deputy prime
minister appointed by the president election results: KHALIFA bin Zayid
Al-Nuhayyan elected president by a unanimous vote of the FSC; MUHAMMAD BIN
RASHID Al-Maktum unanimously affirmed vice president after the 2006 death of
his brother Sheikh MAKTUM bin Rashid Al-Maktum
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Legislative
branch:
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unicameral
Federal National Council (FNC) or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; 20
members appointed by the rulers of the constituent states, 20 members elected
to serve four-year terms); elections: last held on 24 September 2011 (next to
be held in 2015); note - the electoral college was expanded from 6,689 voters
in the December 2006 election to 129,274
in the September 2011 election; elections for candidates rather than
party lists; 469 candidates including 85 women ran for 20 contested FNC seats
election results: elected seats by emirate - Abu Dhabi 4, Dubai 4, Sharjah 3,
Ras al-Khaimah 3, Ajman 2, Fujairah 2, Umm al-Quwain 2; note - number of
appointed seats for each emirate are same as elected seats
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Judicial
branch:
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Union
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
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Political
parties and leaders:
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none;
political parties are not allowed
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Political
pressure groups and leaders:
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NA
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International
organization participation:
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ABEDA,
AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CICA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA,
IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO,
ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Diplomatic
representation in the US:
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chief of
mission: Ambassador Yusif bin Mani bin Said al-UTAYBA chancery: 3522 International Court NW,
Suite 400, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 243-2400
FAX: [1] (202) 243-2432
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Diplomatic
representation from the US:
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chief of
mission: Ambassador Michael H. CORBIN embassy: Embassies District, Plot 38
Sector W59-02, Street No. 4, Abu Dhabi mailing address: P. O. Box 4009, Abu
Dhabi telephone: [971] (2) 414-2200 FAX: [971] (2) 414-2603 consulate(s)
general: Dubai
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The UAE
has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade
surplus. Successful efforts at economic diversification have reduced the
portion of GDP based on oil and gas output to 25%. Since the discovery of oil
in the UAE more than 30 years ago, the UAE has undergone a profound
transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to
a modern state with a high standard of living. The government has increased
spending on job creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up
utilities to greater private sector involvement. In April 2004, the UAE
signed a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement with Washington and in November 2004 agreed to
undertake negotiations toward a Free Trade Agreement with the US, however, those talks have not
moved forward. The country's Free Trade Zones - offering 100% foreign
ownership and zero taxes - are helping to attract foreign investors. The
global financial crisis, tight international credit, and deflated asset
prices constricted the economy in 2009. UAE authorities tried to blunt the
crisis by increasing spending and boosting liquidity in the banking sector.
The crisis hit Dubai hardest, as it was heavily
exposed to depressed real estate prices. Dubai lacked sufficient cash to meet
its debt obligations, prompting global concern about its solvency. The UAE
Central Bank and Abu Dhabi-based banks bought the largest shares. In December
2009 Dubai received an additional $10 billion loan from the emirate
of Abu Dhabi. The economy is expected to continue a slow rebound.
Dependence on oil, a large expatriate workforce, and growing inflation
pressures are significant long-term challenges. The UAE''s strategic plan for
the next few years focuses on diversification and creating more opportunities
for nationals through improved education and increased private sector
employment.
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GDP
(purchasing power parity):
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GDP
(purchasing power parity): $262.1 billion (2011 est.) $249.9 billion (2010
est.) $247.7 billion (2009 est.) note: data are in 2011 US dollars
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GDP
(official exchange rate):
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GDP
(official exchange rate): $360.1 billion (2011 est.)
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GDP -
real growth rate:
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4.9%
(2011 est.) 0.9% (2010 est.) -3.3% (2009 est.)
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GDP -
per capita (PPP):
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GDP - per
capita (PPP): $48,800 (2011 est.) $47,900 (2010 est.) $48,900 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars
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GDP - composition
by sector:
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agriculture:
0.8% industry: 53.9% services: 45.3% (2011 est.)
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Labor
force:
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4.111
million note: expatriates account for about 85% of the work force (2011 est.)
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Labor
force - by occupation:
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agriculture:
7% industry: 15% services: 78% (2000 est.)
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Unemployment
rate:
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2.4%
(2001)
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Population
below poverty line:
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19.5%
(2003)
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Household
income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest
10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
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Inflation
rate (consumer prices):
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Inflation
rate (consumer prices): 0.9% (2011 est.) 0.9% (2010 est.)
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Investment
(gross fixed):
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Investment
(gross fixed): 21.1% of GDP (2011 est.)
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Budget:
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revenues:
$113.4 billion expenditures: $95.53 billion (2011 est.)
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Public
debt:
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43.5% of
GDP (2011 est.) 51.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
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Agriculture
- products:
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dates,
vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products; fish
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Industries:
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petroleum
and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, commercial ship
repair, construction materials, some boat building, handicrafts, textiles
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Industrial
production growth rate:
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3.2%
(2010 est.)
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Electricity
- production:
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80.94
billion kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity
- consumption:
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70.58
billion kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity
- exports:
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0 kWh
(2009 est.)
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Electricity
- imports:
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0 kWh
(2009 est.)
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Oil -
production:
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2.813
million bbl/day (2010 est.)
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Oil -
consumption:
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545,000
bbl/day (2010 est.)
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Oil -
exports:
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2.395
million bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil -
imports:
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235,300
bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil -
proved reserves:
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97.8
billion bbl (1 January 2011 est.)
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Natural
gas - production:
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48.84
billion cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural
gas - consumption:
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59.08
billion cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural
gas - exports:
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7.01
billion cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural
gas - imports:
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17.25
billion cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural
gas - proved reserves:
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6.453
trillion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)
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Current
account balance:
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$26.32
billion (2011 est.) $11.21 billion (2010 est.)
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Exports:
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$252.6
billion (2011 est.) $212.3 billion (2010 est.)
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Exports
- commodities:
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crude oil
45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates
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Exports
- partners:
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Japan 16.1%, India 14%, Iran 10.9%, South Korea 5.5%, Thailand 5.4%, Singapore 4.4% (2011)
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Imports:
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$185.6
billion (2011 est.) $161.4 billion (2010 est.)
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Imports
- commodities:
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machinery
and transport equipment, chemicals, food
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Imports
- partners:
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India 19.8%, China 13.9%, US 8.2%, Germany 4.6% (2011)
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Reserves
of foreign exchange and gold:
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$53.59
billion (31 December 2011 est.) $42.79 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
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Debt -
external:
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$158.7
billion (31 December 2011 est.) $151.8 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
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Stock of
direct foreign investment - at home:
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$80.73
billion (31 December 2011 est.) $74.13 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
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Stock of
direct foreign investment - abroad:
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$55.93
billion (31 December 2011 est.) $53.43 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
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Market
value of publicly traded shares:
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$93.77
billion (31 December 2011) $104.7 billion (31 December 2010) $109.6 billion (31 December 2009)
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Exchange
rates:
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Emirati
dirhams (AED) per US dollar - 3.673 (2011 est.) 3.673 (2010 est.) 3.673
(2009) 3.6725 (2008) 3.6725 (2007)
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Fiscal
year:
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calendar
year
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Telephones
in use:
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1.48
million (2009) country comparison to the world: 67
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Cellular
Phones in use:
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10.926
million (2009)
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Telephone
system:
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general
assessment: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with
rapidly growing use of mobile-cellular telephones; key centers are Abu Dhabi
and Dubai domestic: microwave radio relay, fiber optic and coaxial cable
international: country code - 971; linked to the international submarine
cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe); landing point for both the
SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks; satellite earth
stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat;
tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia
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Radio
broadcast stations:
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Television
broadcast stations:
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Internet
country code:
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.ae
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Internet
hosts:
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371,969
(2010)
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Internet
users:
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3.449
million (2009)
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Airports:
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42 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 103
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Airports
(paved runways):
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total: 25
over 3,047 m: 12 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 2 (2012)
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Airports
(unpaved runways):
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total: 17
over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 5 (2012)
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Heliports:
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5 (2012)
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Pipelines:
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condensate
458 km; refined products 212 km; gas 2,352
km; liquid petroleum gas 220 km; oil 1,437
km (2010)
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Roadways:
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total: 4,080
km paved: 4,080 km (includes 253 km of expressways) (2008)
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Merchant
marine:
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total: 61
by type: bulk carrier 3, cargo 13, chemical tanker 8, container 7, liquefied
gas 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 24, roll on/roll off 4
foreign-owned: 13 (Greece 3, Kuwait 10) registered in other countries: 253
(Bahamas 23, Barbados 1, Belize 3, Cambodia 2, Comoros 8, Cyprus 3, Georgia
2, Gibraltar 5, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 1, India 4, Iran 2, Jordan 2, Liberia
37, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 12, Mexico 1, Netherlands 4, North Korea 2,
Panama 83, Papua New Guinea 6, Philippines 1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 8, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines 3, Saudi Arabia 6, Sierra Leone 1, Singapore 10,
Tanzania 3, Togo 1, UK 8, Vanuatu 1, unknown 8) (2010)
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Ports
and terminals:
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Al
Fujayrah, Mina' Jabal 'Ali (Dubai), Khawr Fakkan (Khor Fakkan), Mubarraz
Island, Mina' Rashid (Dubai), Mina' Saqr (Ra's al Khaymah)
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Military
branches:
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United Arab Emirates Armed Forces: Land Forces, Navy,
Air Force and Air Defense, Border and Coast Guard Directorate (BCGD) (2009)
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Military
service age and obligation:
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18 years
of age for voluntary military service; 18 years of age for officers and
women; no conscription; 16-22 years of age for candidates for the UAE Naval
College (2009)
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Manpower
available for military service:
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males age
16-49: 2,676,928 (includes non-nationals) females age 16-49: 981,649 (2010
est.)
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Manpower
fit for military service:
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males age
16-49: 2,229,366 females age 16-49: 842,759 (2010 est.)
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